SIP Server Security Weaknesses and Unsolicited Calls

Voice over IP (VoIP) Security
Answer Correct answer: B — The company’s SIP server security settings are weak, allowing unauthorized users to originate calls using valid company numbers.

Callers speaking a foreign language are using company phone numbers to make unsolicited phone calls to a partner organization. A security analyst validates through phone system logs that the calls are occurring and the numbers are not being spoofed. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

  1. The executive team is traveling internationally and trying to avoid roaming charges.
  2. The company’s SIP server security settings are weak. Correct Answer
  3. Disgruntled employees are making calls to the partner organization.
  4. The service provider has assigned multiple companies the same numbers.

Community Votes

B
67%
D
33%

67% of anonymous learners picked answer B. Votes are pick records left by other test-takers — they are not the verified answer.

Community Insight

The core concept tested is SIP trunking security; the common trap is assuming that because numbers are not spoofed, the threat must be external or accidental, ignoring internal misconfiguration.

This question examines the risks associated with insecure Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servers, specifically how weak security settings allow unauthorized use of company phone numbers for unsolicited calls. It establishes that internal logs confirming non-spoofed numbers point to a configuration vulnerability rather than external spoofing or provider errors.

Option D is the most common wrong answer because candidates confuse duplicate number assignment by providers with active call origination, failing to recognize that provider errors do not explain *who* is making the calls or why they appear as valid internal numbers in logs.

Community Discussion (6 comments)

SecNoob27639 👍 1 Selected: B
The security analyst was able to confirm that the numbers weren't spoofed through the phone system logs. If the numbers had simply been duplicated, the security analyst wouldn't have been able to find that info on their internal phone system logs. Even if the service provider had given out duplicate phone numbers as D suggests, it would have looked like a spoofed number to the analyst, as the analyst can only see what is internal to the company. Which is why SIP server vulnerability, not Duplicated phone numbers.
7308365 👍 2
B. Because when a company's SIP server security settings are weak, your phone system can be used to make expensive calls, or for this question specifically, unsolicited phone calls to a partner organization.
DrCo6991 👍 2 Selected: B
I believe B is correct.
johnabayot 👍 3 Selected: B
The company's SIP server security settings are weak. This can allow unauthorize callers to use the company's phone numbers to make unsolicited phone calls to the partner organization, or to intercept or modify the SIP messages. Therefore, the security analyst should check the SIP server security settings and make sure they are up to date and follow the best practices for SIP secuirty.
Hs1208 👍 1 Selected: D
D. The service provider has assigned multiple companies the same numbers.
LuckyAro 👍 2 Selected: D
Multiple companies are using the same numbers

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Expert Analysis

Why the Answer Is Correct

The correct answer is B because the logs confirm the numbers are not spoofed, meaning the calls originated from within the organization's own infrastructure. If the SIP server has weak security settings (e.g., lack of authentication, open ports, or default credentials), attackers or malicious insiders can exploit these vulnerabilities to place outbound calls using the company’s legitimate identity. This results in unsolicited calls that appear authentic because they use real, non-spoofed company numbers.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option A is unlikely because executives traveling internationally would typically have a reason for calling partners, but "unsolicited" implies an unwanted or malicious nature, not just cost avoidance. Option C is plausible but less specific than B; while disgruntled employees could make such calls, the question highlights a security analyst validating logs, pointing toward a systemic technical vulnerability (weak SIP settings) rather than a specific human motive. Option D is incorrect because if the service provider assigned duplicate numbers, the receiving end might see confusion, but it doesn't explain how foreign language speakers are actively placing calls through the company's system without authorization.

Community Comment Notes

Community members generally agree on B, noting that weak SIP security allows unauthorized callers to use company numbers. One commenter emphasized that internal logs would not reveal provider-assigned duplicate numbers (D), reinforcing why B is the better technical explanation. Another user noted that checking SIP server security is the immediate next step for the analyst.

Exam Strategy

When analyzing VoIP incidents, always distinguish between spoofed traffic (external forgery) and authorized-origin traffic (internal compromise). If logs show valid, non-spoofed numbers being used maliciously, look first for internal configuration weaknesses like open SIP trunks or missing authentication mechanisms.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why isn't D the answer if numbers are duplicated?

Provider duplication doesn't explain who is placing the calls. Weak SIP settings (B) provide the mechanism for unauthorized usage.

How do we know it's not disgruntled employees?

While possible, B is the broader technical cause. Weak settings enable both insider and outsider abuse, making it the primary security finding.

Related Analysis

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